Wrap LaTeX formulas with single $:
Pythagorean theorem: $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$
Mass-energy equation: $E = mc^2$
Wrap with double $$:
$$
\frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}
$$
Superscript: x^2
Subscript: H_2O
Fraction: \frac{a}{b}
Square root: \sqrt{x}
Summation: \sum_{i=1}^{n}
Integral: \int
Math formulas require platforms that support LaTeX rendering. GitHub, some Markdown editors support this feature.